Evaluation of periodontal regeneration is usually made by clinical measurements. However, it is difficult to judge whether true regeneration has taken place without histological evaluations. The present study evaluated the clinical reliability and accuracy of bone probing measurements in the assessment of bone level in periodontal defects by comparing the results with surgically confirmed bone levels.Sixteen molars in patients with chronic periodontitis who were scheduled to have periodontal surgery were included in this study. A custom-made acrylic resin stent was used for proper orientation of the probe for the bone probing depth measurement as well as probing depth measurements and surgical bone level evaluations. The mesiobuccal, midbuccal, distobuccal and midlingual sites of each tooth were used.For all sites the difference between (BPD) Bone probing depth (12.22±1.65) and (SBL) surgical bone level (12.34±1.96) was not statistically significant. For all sites the coefficient correlation between SBL and BPD was 0.91.The results of this study suggest that, since the probing bone level most closely represents actual bone level, it may be a good clinical method for assessing the bone level following regenerative therapy in any site.

Dams are effective in controlling the flood and reducing its damage. But, during the flood, the overtopping and the flow of water from the dam is always threatening it. Therefore, in order to maintain the dam safety against flood and also to maintain the efficiency of the dam, it should be balanced between the water level in reservoir of dam and its overtopping risk. Using the system dynamics, a set of complex, relevant, and effective overtopping factors could be simulated to examine the impact of different scenarios. The current research investigated the effect of different parameters on the overtopping risk on Hajilarchay dam (Northwestern Iran) using the system dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, and estimated the human losses caused by the dam failure using of 441 and 118 persons for two cases of without warning and adequate warning, respectively. The overtopping risk of 2. 27×10-6 was calculated in accordance with the USACE method. Given this risk value, a reliable level for reservoir water is set to 1040. 70 meters above sea level, and the agriculture area at the downstream is set 1660 hectares for development. The results also show that the overtopping risk will increase by increasing the life of the dam, especially after 20 years, due to accumulation of sediment and settlement of the dam, and considering too much increase in overtopping risk caused by the change of dam’ s spillway in order to save the cost of its construction, then adaptation strategies are provided including reservoir water level control.

Background and Aims: Lasers with different characteristics have been used to stimulate orthodontic tooth movement. Considering the contradictory findings in this regard, this study was designed to assess the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 12 patients (4 boys and 8 girls; average age: 16.9±3.4) with extracted upper first premolars and required canine retraction into extraction site were included. While in both sides canines were retracted by NiTi coil spring, one side was exposed to GaAlAs laser (890 nm). LLLT was done (on the buccal and palatal mucosa by slow movement of probe) at the beginning of the first month. Impression and cast fabrication performed at the beginning of retraction, one and two months later. The amount of retraction on the cast was measured with the aid of a reference plaque fabricated on the rogae using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using paired sample T-test and one-sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test.Results: There was no significant difference in the amounts of canine movement between laser exposed and control sides (P>0.05).Conclusion: The energy dose of laser used in this study (72 J per each tooth) was not appropriate for increasing dental movement.

In order to properly understand the subsurface structures, the issue of inversion of geophysical data has received much attention from researchers. Since accurate reconstruction of the shape and boundaries of the mass using gravimetric data is very important in some issues, it is important to use an effective and efficient method that has a high ability to draw and reconstruct the boundaries of a mass. In recent years, the level set method introduced by Asher and Stein has been widely used to solve this problem. From the expansion of the level set function in some bases of the problem, the effective number of parameters is greatly reduced and an optimization problem is created which its behavior is better than the least squares problem. As a result, the level set parameterization method will be presented for the reconstruction of inversion models. A common advantage of the parametric level set method is the careful examination of the boundary for optimum sensitivities, which significantly reduces the dimensional problem, and many of the difficulties of traditional level set methods, such as regularization, reconstruction, and basis function. Level set parameterization is performed by radial basis functions (RBF),which causes an optimal problem with an average number of parameters and high flexibility,and the computational and optimization process for Newton's method is more accurate and smooth. The model is described by the zero contour of a level-set function, which in turn is represented by a relatively small number of radial basis functions. This formulation includes some additional parameters such as the width of the radial basis functions and the smoothness of the Heaviside function. The latter is of particular importance as it controls the sensitivity to changes in the model. In this algorithm adaptively chooses the required smoothness parameter and tests the method on a suite of idealized Earth models. In this evolutionary approach, the reduction gradient method usually requires many iterations for convergence, and the functions are weakened for low-sensitivity problems. Although the use of Quasi-Newton methods to improve the level set function increases the degree of convergence, they are computationally challenging, and for large problems and relatively finer grids, a system of equations must be solved in each iteration. Moreover, based on the fact that the number of underlying parameters in a parametric approach is usually much less than the number of pixels resulting from the discretization of the level set function, we make a use of a Newton-type method to solve the underlying optimization problem. In this research, the algorithm is used to investigate its strengths and weaknesses for applying geophysical gravity data, coding and programming, and it is tested using several two-dimensional synthetic models. Finally, the method is tested on gravity data from the Mobrun ore body, north east of Noranda, Quebec, Canada. The results of this study show that the application of the optimization algorithm of the level set function will lead to a relatively more accurate and realistic detection of mass boundaries. It shows that the tested mass has spread from a depth of 10 meters to a depth of 160 meters.

The theory of plate bending contains contradictions such as those introduced with the Kirchhoff hypothesis. These contradictions affect the convergence of the finite element analysis of plates with decreasing mesh size. For square plates, the bending moment under a point load does not converge, whereas the corner forces do converge. A new triangular finite element with C1-continuity is developed in this paper. It is used to study the influence of the contradictions in plate theory on the finite element analysis of skewed plates. The new element reduces the storage space for finite element analysis, as compared to an analysis of equal accuracy with the standard element, by a factor 8 and the run time by a factor 16. In addition it assures convergence with decreasing mesh size within the limitations of plate theory. It is shown that the finite element analysis of the corner force and the bending moments at obtuse corners of skewed plates does not converge. The overall behavior of the plate is not affected by this divergence.

Jungs (manuscript anthologies) and other old miscellanies are invaluable sources in literary research and the process of critical editing (taṣḥīḥ) of texts. Many scattered poems and writings have been preserved within these works, and at times they provide unique copies of ancient texts. However, placing excessive trust in such sources without scrutinizing their accuracy and authenticity can lead to distortions of the original text. Jungs are typically the result of private compilations and may contain errors, subjective interventions, or alterations by copyists or compilers. Therefore, it is essential to approach jungs and similar old collections with careful attention and caution, treating them primarily as auxiliary sources. Only through such an approach can one approximate the original text and safeguard the scholarly integrity of the edition.

With regard to the importance of economy based on knowledge and the increasing role of intangible assets in profitability and establishing modern economical methods of business, evaluating the successful performance of the industrial economical period of the organisation is no longer possible.Balanced evaluation is one of the most important and modern techniques of evaluation of operations of an organisation which is considered as a framework for strategic management in the direction of organisational changes. By this type of evaluation, the performance of the managers of the organisations can be evaluated through financial, customers, internal process, learning, developmental and innovative and even non-marketing, environmental and social aspects that form the permanent development process. Mentioning the non-market aspect appeared in the forms of security, social health, biological environment protection, child labour, performance freedom and legal legitimacy seem suitable in the measurement system presented by Kaplan and Norton. For designing such an aspect, the effectiveness of the components and other important factors such as the size of the company, the capacity of departments and the structure of the capital in each industry led to the existence and the development of BSC should be considered.